There is a purpose and process to developing a grazing plan. The purpose of a grazing plan is to think through the possible scenarios and outcomes given a specific set of resources and environment, address identified issues, and develop a plan of action items for the greatest probability for success. A strategic grazing plan is a dynamic template that a grazier should refer to and adjust continually to adapt to the actual and anticipated near-future conditions. The plan is developed for ideal or average conditions and continually adjusted to address actual events. The grazier actively anticipates coming events and alters the plan to reflect expectations on a routine basis (multiple times a week) and records actual activities and events as they occur.
Developing a strategic grazing plan includes several steps. The process begins with a predetermined goal or set of objectives with desired outcomes. It includes developing an accurate inventory and assessment of resources, a projection of seasonal forage production and use, a list of annual management activities and dates they should occur, a list of specific issues to be addressed during the planning horizon, and a list of meaningful measures and metrics to monitor progress toward goals.
For producers doing their first strategic grazing plan, the question is how to get started. There are several grazing plan worksheets available; it is often easier to purchase the worksheets than it is to design one. For a do-it-yourself template, one can start with an Excel spreadsheet and adapt it to one’s own property. The design of a grazing worksheet typically lists the pastures by name down the first column, acres in the second column (grazeable acres, if needed), and forage type to be managed and relative production value (score) in adjacent columns. The next set of columns is the calendar. In the first draft, it is often useful to list the months of the year in the planning horizon to capture the basic management activities and grazing use by class of livestock to observe the plan from a broad view. Once the broad view is captured, it can be expanded into a weekly or daily format. It is from this format that the actual events are recorded. (Get your free grazing charts here!)
Once the template or spreadsheet is created, add the major management activities to be scheduled throughout the year. Mark the dates of routine and critical activities for the operation such as breeding dates, branding, weaning, marketing dates, planting and fertilizer/herbicide application schedules, forage assessment dates, family vacations and holidays.
The part of developing a strategic grazing plan most often ignored is the measuring and monitoring to determine if progress is being made toward the desired goals and objectives. Implementing a routine monitoring component into the grazing plan assists in measuring progress. Early diagnosis of lack of progress allows for early and timely implementation of an alternate management strategy. The key to monitoring is keeping it simple and routine. Grazing exclosures, photo points and grazing records are some of the simpler and most useful monitoring tools. Other techniques such as transects and range/pasture health monitoring tools can be employed as well. Forage assessments on critical dates across the seasons are extremely useful to monitor the balance between forage production and livestock demand. By monitoring over time, a grazier can determine the amount or rate of progress being made through the use of a strategy. Monitoring can also indicate the need for a new strategy to be implemented and the extent to which adjustments are needed. A good example is the early recognition of conditions that warrant the implementation of a drought plan.
It has been said the initial grazing plan itself is of little value as it will change considerably from the first draft, but it is the thought process of creating a strategic grazing plan that is important. Having experienced the process of developing a strategic grazing plan, a grazier is better prepared to make adjustments in strategy. It is unlikely that the grazing plan will remain consistent through the planning horizon. Adjustments to the grazing plan will be made to adapt to the seasons and unforeseen situations. Weather patterns will certainly dictate. However, the purpose of a strategic grazing plan is to allow the grazier to make better and timelier – strategic – grazing management decisions.