Here are links and additional reading materials that I used when developing this article.
1. From a 1969 Brown & Williamson tobacco company internal memo.
2. Estimate from average annual profits combined to arrive at total.
3. Burden of Cigarette Use in the U.S.
4. On its 100th birthday in 1959, Edward Teller warned the oil industry about global warming
5. Global Mean CO2 Mixing Ratios (ppm): Observations.
6. The academic research and investigative journalism into what oil companies knew and when they knew it is very robust. Here are examples that contributed to this piece as well as links to internal old company memos showing what the industry knew.
Exxon’s Oil Industry Peers Knew About Climate Dangers in the 1970s, Too
Exxon’s Own Research Confirmed Fossil Fuels’ Role in Global Warming Decades Ago
Exxon Confirmed Global Warming Consensus in 1982 with In-House Climate Models
1979 Exxon Memo on Potential Impact of Fossil Fuel Combustion
Assessing ExxonMobil’s climate change communications. (1977 – 2014)
Addendum to ‘Assessing ExxonMobil’s climate change communications (1977–2014)’ Supran and Oreskes (2017 Environ. Res. Lett. 12 084019)
1991 Information Council for the Environment Climate Denial Ad Campaign
1989 Presentation to Exxon Board of Directors on Greenhouse Gas Effects
Weaponizing economics: Big Oil, economic consultants, and climate policy delay
7. Click to download the paper “Assessing ExxonMobil’s global warming projections.”
8. Exxon’s own research confirmed fossil fuels’ role in global warming
9. 1980 Meeting Minutes of the American Petroleum Institutes Climate Task Force.
10. There are many articles on what the oil industry did to sow doubt about human-caused climate change. Here are a few that I drew on for this piece:
Exxon Sowed Doubt About Climate Science for Decades by Stressing Uncertainty
Rhetoric and frame analysis of ExxonMobil’s climate change communications
Exxon: The Road Not Taken, Kindle Book.
What ExxonMobil Didn’t Say About Climate Change
Assessing ExxonMobil’s climate change communications. (1977 – 2014)
Addendum to ‘Assessing ExxonMobil’s climate change communications (1977–2014)’ Supran and Oreskes (2017 Environ. Res. Lett. 12 084019)
Weaponizing economics: Big Oil, economic consultants, and climate policy delay
11. 1998 Exxon Memo on the Greenhouse Effect.
12. Global Climate Coalition Briefing Memos. And Revealed: how oil giant influenced Bush.
13. ExxonMobil acknowledges climate change risk to its business for the first time.
14. Exxon CEO Accused of Lying to Climate Science Congressional Panel.
15. Climate change on course to hit us corn belt especially hard, study finds.
